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The question, “is America a democracy, or is it a republic?” surfaces frequently in political discussions, social media arguments, and even classroom conversations. But framing the issue as an either-or choice misunderstands how the American political system actually works. At its core, the distinction is not about choosing one label over the other, but about understanding how different principles are operationalized in America’s political system.

On April 29, 2026, the Supreme Court released its decision in Callais v. Louisiana, reinterpreting the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA). In this brief, we discuss the case, the Voting Rights Act, and the political implications of the Court’s decision.

In November 2026, the U.S. will hold midterm congressional elections. The potential outcomes range from a continued Republican unified government (control of the Presidency, House, and Senate) to a divided government where President Trump faces Democratic majorities in the House and or Senate.